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(chief) protagonist

  • 1 protagoniste

    protagoniste [pʀɔtagɔnist]
    masculine noun, feminine noun
    * * *
    pʀɔtagɔnist
    * * *
    pʀɔtaɡɔnist nmf
    * * *
    protagoniste nmf protagonist.
    [prɔtagɔnist] nom masculin et féminin
    1. [principal participant] protagonist

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > protagoniste

  • 2 Hauptrolle

    f leading role, main part, lead; (Titelrolle) title role; die Hauptrolle spielen THEAT. etc. play the lead(ing role) ( oder main part); fig. Person: be the central figure; aktiv: auch be the chief protagonist; Sache: play the most important role, be the most important thing
    * * *
    die Hauptrolle
    lead; leading part; leading role
    * * *
    Haupt|rol|le
    f (FILM, THEAT)
    leading or main role or part, lead

    die Háúptrolle spielen (fig) — to be all-important

    * * *
    (a leading part in a play etc: Who plays the lead in that film?) lead
    * * *
    Haupt·rol·le
    f leading [or main] role
    [in etw dat] die \Hauptrolle spielen to play the leading role [in sth]
    ▶ [bei etw dat] die \Hauptrolle spielen to play a leading part [in sth]
    * * *
    die leading or main role; lead

    die Hauptrolle spielen — play the leading role or the lead (in + Dat. in)

    die Hauptrolle [in od. bei etwas] spielen — (fig.) play the leading role [in something]

    * * *
    Hauptrolle f leading role, main part, lead; (Titelrolle) title role;
    die Hauptrolle spielen THEAT etc play the lead(ing role) ( oder main part); fig Person: be the central figure; aktiv: auch be the chief protagonist; Sache: play the most important role, be the most important thing
    * * *
    die leading or main role; lead

    die Hauptrolle spielen — play the leading role or the lead (in + Dat. in)

    die Hauptrolle [in od. bei etwas] spielen — (fig.) play the leading role [in something]

    * * *
    f.
    chief role n.
    leading part (film, theatre) n.
    leading task (teamwork) n.
    principle role n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Hauptrolle

  • 3 Hauptbeteiligte

    m, f principal party ( oder person) concerned; aktiv: auch chief protagonist
    * * *
    Hauptbeteiligte m/f principal party ( oder person) concerned; aktiv: auch chief protagonist

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Hauptbeteiligte

  • 4 Софроний

    1) Religion: Sophronius (Patriarch of Jerusalem, monk, and theologian who was the chief protagonist for orthodox teaching in the doctrinal controversy on the essential nature of Christ and his volitional acts)
    2) Christianity: Sophronios (Sophronius) (имя)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Софроний

  • 5 главен

    chief, main, principal, primary, major, head (attr.)
    тех. middle
    главен водопровод/газопровод/електропровод main
    главен вход a main entrance
    главен герой a chief/principal character, protagonist
    главен готвач chef, head cook
    главен град chief town, ( столица) capital (city)
    главен градинар head gardener
    главен директор director-general
    главен инженер chief/head engineer
    главен интендант quarter-master
    главен келнер head-waiter
    главен корен бот. tap-root
    главен лекар head physician, воен. chief medical officer
    главен помощник chief assistant
    главен предмет main subject
    ам. major/(на разговор и пр.) a staple topic of conversation
    главен принцип a main/leading principle
    главен проводник ел. lead
    главен продукт staple
    главен път highway
    главен редактор editor-in-chief
    главен свидетел a star witness
    главен секретар secretary general
    главен счетоводител accountant general
    главен удар воен. main attack/blow
    главен учител headmaster
    главен филм a feature film
    главна буква a capital (letter)
    разг. cap
    пиша с главни букви capitalize
    с главни букви in capitals, разг. in caps
    главна врата a main door
    главна гара a main/central station
    главна грижа prime preoccupation
    главна задача a main task
    главна квартира воен. headquarters
    главна счетоводна книга ledger
    главна подбуда a primary motive
    главна причина a main/an efficient/a root cause
    главна пружина master-spring
    главна работа primary business
    главна роля a principal/leading/star part; lead
    в главната роля Х starring Х
    главна тема a main theme, staple
    главна точка a principal/main point
    главна страст a ruling passion
    главна улица a main street, ( в по-мальк град) a high street
    главна храна a staple food
    главно изречение? рам. a principal/main clause
    главно управление a central board/administration, a head office
    главно ядене a principle meat
    главно ядене (блюдо) a main dish/course
    главни градове main cities, principle towns
    главни линия на развитие main lines of development
    главни (най-важни) подробности high-lights
    главни сили воен. main body/force
    главното сьщ. the chief/main/essential thing
    главният the boss, the one who runs the show.hired, engaged
    * * *
    гла̀вен,
    прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. chief, main, principal, primary, major, head (attr.); техн. middle; в \главенната роля Х starring X; \главенен водопровод/газопровод/електропровод main; \главенен вход main entrance; \главенен герой chief/principal character, protagonist; \главенен готвач chef, head cook; \главенен градинар head gardener; \главенен директор director-general; \главенен инженер chief/head engineer; \главенен интендант quarter-master; \главенен келнер head-waiter; \главенен корен бот. tap-root; \главенен лекар head physician, воен. chief medical officer; \главенен помощник chief assistant; \главенен предмет main subject; амер. major/(на разговор и пр.) staple topic of conversation; \главенен принцип main/leading principle; \главенен проводник ел. lead; \главенен продукт staple; \главенен прокурор chief public prosecutor; \главенен път highway; \главенен редактор editor-in-chief; \главенен свидетел a star witness; \главенен секретар secretary general; \главенен счетоводител accountant general; \главенен удар воен. main attack/blow; \главенен учител head-master; \главенен филм feature film; \главенна буква capital (letter); разг. cap; \главенна врата main door; \главенна гара main/central station; \главенна грижа prime preoccupation; \главенна задача a main task; \главенна квартира воен. head-quarters; \главенна подбуда primary motive; \главенна причина main/an efficient/root cause; \главенна пружина master-spring; \главенна роля principal/leading/star part; lead; \главенна страст ruling passion; \главенна счетоводна книга ledger; \главенната част (на съчинение) the body (of a work); \главенна тема main theme, staple; \главенна точка principal/main point; \главенна улица main street, (в по-малък град) high street; \главенна храна staple food; \главенни градове main cities, principle towns; \главенни линии на развитие main lines of development; \главенни ( най-важни) подробности high-lights; \главенни сили воен. main body/force; \главенно изречение език. principal/main clause; \главенно управление central board/administration, head office; \главенно ядене principle meal; \главенно ядене ( блюдо) main dish/course; пиша с \главенни букви capitalize; с \главенни букви in capitals, разг. in caps;
    2. като същ.: \главенното the chief/main/essential thing; \главенният жарг. the boss, the one who runs the show.
    ——————
    мин. страд. прич. hired, engaged.
    * * *
    boss; capital: главен entrance - главен вход; cardinal; grand{grEnd}; head; high; leading; magistral (воен.) (за укрепления)
    * * *
    1. chief, main, principal, primary, major, head (attr.) 2. ГЛАВЕН водопровод/ газопровод/електропровод main 3. ГЛАВЕН вход a main entrance 4. ГЛАВЕН герой a chief/principal character, protagonist 5. ГЛАВЕН готвач chef, head cook 6. ГЛАВЕН град chief town, (столица) capital (city) 7. ГЛАВЕН градинар head gardener 8. ГЛАВЕН директор director-general 9. ГЛАВЕН инженер chief/head engineer 10. ГЛАВЕН интендант quarter-master 11. ГЛАВЕН келнер head-waiter 12. ГЛАВЕН корен бот. tap-root 13. ГЛАВЕН лекар head physician, воен. chief medical officer 14. ГЛАВЕН помощник chief assistant 15. ГЛАВЕН предмет main subject 16. ГЛАВЕН принцип a main/leading principle 17. ГЛАВЕН проводник ел. lead 18. ГЛАВЕН продукт staple 19. ГЛАВЕН път highway 20. ГЛАВЕН редактор editor-in-chief 21. ГЛАВЕН свидетел a star witness 22. ГЛАВЕН секретар secretary general 23. ГЛАВЕН счетоводител accountant general 24. ГЛАВЕН удар воен. main attack/blow 25. ГЛАВЕН учител headmaster 26. ГЛАВЕН филм a feature film 27. ам. major/ (на разговор и np.) а staple topic of conversation 28. в главната роля Х starring Х 29. главна буква a capital (letter) 30. главна врата a main door 31. главна гара a main/central station 32. главна грижа prime preoccupation 33. главна задача a main task 34. главна квартира воен. headquarters 35. главна подбуда a primary motive 36. главна причина a main/an efficient/a root cause 37. главна пружина master-spring 38. главна работа primary business 39. главна роля a principal/ leading/star part;lead 40. главна счетоводна книга ledger 41. главна тема a main theme, staple 42. главна точка a principal/main point: главна страст a ruling passion 43. главна улица a main street, (в по-мальк град) a high street 44. главна храна a staple food 45. главната част (на съчинение) the body (of a work) 46. главни (най-важни) подробности high-lights 47. главни градове main cities, principle towns 48. главни линия на развитие main lines of development 49. главни сили воен. main body/ force 50. главният the boss, the one who runs the show.hired, engaged 51. главно изречение ?рам. а principal/main clause 52. главно управление a central board/administration, a head office 53. главно ядене (блюдо) a main dish/course 54. главно ядене a principle meat 55. главното сьщ. the chief/main/essential thing 56. пиша с главни букви capitalize 57. разг. cap 58. с главни букви in capitals, разг. in caps 59. тех. middle

    Български-английски речник > главен

  • 6 protagonista

    • chief character
    • hermitically
    • hero
    • hero worship
    • lead
    • main character
    • protagonist

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > protagonista

  • 7 protagonista

    f. & m.
    1 main or central character.
    2 leading man, chief character, hero, lead.
    3 leading lady.
    * * *
    1 main, leading
    1 (de película - actor) leading man; (- actriz) leading lady
    2 (de novela, obra de teatro) main character, protagonist
    3 (de un hecho) main protagonist
    \
    * * *
    noun mf.
    protagonist, main character, hero / heroine
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ central, leading
    2. SMF
    1) [en hecho real] main figure
    2) (=personaje) [de obra literaria] main character, protagonist frm; [de película, serie] main character, lead
    3) (=actor, actriz) star
    * * *
    masculino y femenino
    a) (Cin, Teatr)
    b) ( personaje) main character, protagonist
    c) ( de suceso)
    * * *
    = actor [actress, -fem.], character, protagonist, stakeholder, player, force multiplier, leading man.
    Ex. Institutionalization occurs whenever there is a reciprocal typification of habitualized actions by types of actors.
    Ex. In the meantime, a serious oral history project is fundamental to the preservation of the memories of those characters in the drama while they are still available.
    Ex. Protagonists such as Dr. Watson and Sherlock Holmes have become pseudopersonalities.
    Ex. This has two purposes: as an assessment of how the service is performing, and as an accountability factor to the stakeholders.
    Ex. It is little wonder that all players in the serials information chain -- publishers, subscriptions agents and librarians alike -- are taking a long hard look at what they are doing and attempting to forecast what the future might hold for them.
    Ex. The article 'Television: force multiplier or town crier in the global village?' discusses how television has changed from being a passive observer of events to being a significant player in international affairs.
    Ex. Tinseltown's leading men never get their due on the red carpet.
    ----
    * papel protagonista = title role.
    * protagonista, el = main character, the, main actor, the.
    * protagonista principal = key player, centrepiece [centerpiece, -USA], lead character.
    * protagonista principal, el = main character, the, main actor, the.
    * * *
    masculino y femenino
    a) (Cin, Teatr)
    b) ( personaje) main character, protagonist
    c) ( de suceso)
    * * *
    el protagonista
    (n.) = main character, the, main actor, the

    Ex: Quietly spoken, introverted Henry, the main character, tries to get casual jobs (anything, like a factotum) around Los Angeles.

    Ex: Moreover, it does not diminish the role of states as the main actors in international politics.

    = actor [actress, -fem.], character, protagonist, stakeholder, player, force multiplier, leading man.

    Ex: Institutionalization occurs whenever there is a reciprocal typification of habitualized actions by types of actors.

    Ex: In the meantime, a serious oral history project is fundamental to the preservation of the memories of those characters in the drama while they are still available.
    Ex: Protagonists such as Dr. Watson and Sherlock Holmes have become pseudopersonalities.
    Ex: This has two purposes: as an assessment of how the service is performing, and as an accountability factor to the stakeholders.
    Ex: It is little wonder that all players in the serials information chain -- publishers, subscriptions agents and librarians alike -- are taking a long hard look at what they are doing and attempting to forecast what the future might hold for them.
    Ex: The article 'Television: force multiplier or town crier in the global village?' discusses how television has changed from being a passive observer of events to being a significant player in international affairs.
    Ex: Tinseltown's leading men never get their due on the red carpet.
    * papel protagonista = title role.
    * protagonista, el = main character, the, main actor, the.
    * protagonista principal = key player, centrepiece [centerpiece, -USA], lead character.
    * protagonista principal, el = main character, the, main actor, the.

    * * *
    1
    (actor): el protagonista de la nueva serie the star of the new series, the actor who is playing the leading role in the new series
    2 (personaje) main character
    el protagonista de la novela the main character o protagonist of the novel
    el típico protagonista de capa y espada the typical hero of swashbuckling movies
    3
    (de un suceso): los protagonistas de la revolución those who played a leading role in the revolution
    los principales protagonistas de nuestra historia the major figures of our history
    escultura y pintura son protagonistas en esta exposición sculpture and painting are the main features of this exhibit ( AmE) o ( BrE) exhibition
    * * *

     

    protagonista sustantivo masculino y femenino

    b) ( actor)


    los principales protagonistas de nuestra historia the major figures of our history
    protagonista mf
    1 (personaje) main character
    2 (actor) leading actor, (actriz) leading actress
    3 (en una velada, etc) main protagonist
    ' protagonista' also found in these entries:
    English:
    hero
    - heroine
    - leading lady
    - leading man
    - principal
    - protagonist
    - star
    - leading
    * * *
    1. [de libro, película] main o central character;
    [de obra de teatro] lead, leading role;
    un actor que sólo acepta papeles de protagonista an actor who only accepts leading roles
    2. [de suceso]
    los protagonistas de la revolución the chief actors in the revolution;
    ser protagonista de [acontecimiento histórico] to play a leading part in;
    [accidente] to be one of the main people involved in; [entrevista, estudio] to be the subject of
    * * *
    m/f
    1 personaje main character
    2 actor, actriz star;
    papel de protagonista leading role
    3 de una hazaña hero; mujer heroine
    * * *
    1) : protagonist, main character
    2) : leader
    * * *
    protagonista n main character

    Spanish-English dictionary > protagonista

  • 8 protagonista

    m f (m pl -i, f pl -e) protagonist
    * * *
    protagonista s.m. e f.
    1 protagonist: è stato uno dei protagonisti della rivoluzione culturale, he was one of the chief protagonists of (o he played a leading role in) the cultural revolution; ci raccontò un episodio di cui era stato protagonista, he recounted an episode (to us) in which he had played a leading role
    2 ( attore) protagonist, main character, leading actor, hero*; ( attrice) protagonist, main character, leading actress, heroine: essere il protagonista principale di un film, to be the leading actor of a film; il produttore le offrì la parte da protagonista, the producer offered her the lead role // ( nelle candidature agli Oscar): migliore attore protagonista, best actor; migliore attore non protagonista, best supporting actor
    3 (anat.) ( muscolo) protagonista, protagonist.
    * * *
    m.pl. -i, f.pl. -e [protago'nista] sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile
    1) (in un romanzo) main character, protagonist
    2) (attore principale) protagonist; (uomo) leading actor; (donna) leading actress

    "migliore attore non protagonista" — "best supporting actor"

    3) fig. (di evento, vicenda) protagonist
    * * *
    protagonista
    m.pl. -i, f.pl. -e /protago'nista/
    m. e f.
     1 (in un romanzo) main character, protagonist
     2 (attore principale) protagonist; (uomo) leading actor; (donna) leading actress; ruolo da protagonista leading role; "migliore attore non protagonista" "best supporting actor"
     3 fig. (di evento, vicenda) protagonist.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > protagonista

  • 9 Held

    m; -en, -en hero (Pl. heroes); THEAT., eines Romans etc.: protagonist; (Vorkämpfer) champion; Held des Tages man of the moment ( oder hour); Held der Arbeit HIST., ehemalige DDR: hero of labo(u)r; er ist kein Held in Mathematik umg., hum. he’s not the greatest mathematician in the world; den Helden spielen THEAT. play the hero; iro. be a hero; das ist vielleicht ein Held! iro. some hero he is; na, ihr ( zwei etc.) Helden? umg., hum. zu Kindern: now then you two etc.?
    * * *
    der Held
    hero
    * * *
    Hẹld [hɛlt]
    m -en, -en
    [-dn] hero

    der Held des Tages — the hero of the hour

    sein — not to be very brave about sth; (in Schulfach etc) to be no great shakes at sth (inf)

    du bist mir ein ( rechter or schöner) Held! (iro) — some hero you are!

    den Helden spielen (inf) — to come or play the (great) hero

    * * *
    der
    1) (a man or boy admired (by many people) for his brave deeds: The boy was regarded as a hero for saving his friend's life.) hero
    2) (the chief male person in a story, play etc: The hero of this book is a young American boy called Tom Sawyer.) hero
    * * *
    Held(in)
    <-en, -en>
    [hɛlt]
    1. (kühner Recke) hero
    in etw dat kein [o nicht gerade ein] \Held sein to be no great shakes at sth BRIT, to not be very good at sth
    den \Helden spielen (fam) to play the hero
    2. LIT, FILM (Hauptperson) hero, heroine fem
    der \Held/die \Heldin des Tages sein to be the hero/heroine of the hour
    3.
    ▶ du bist mir ein [...] \Held! (iron fam) a fine one you are! iron fam
    ▶ die \Helden sind müde (hum) our heroes have had enough hum
    * * *
    der; Helden, Helden hero

    du bist mir ein schöner Held — (scherzh.) a fine one you are!

    * * *
    Held m; -en, -en hero (pl heroes); THEAT, eines Romans etc: protagonist; (Vorkämpfer) champion;
    Held des Tages man of the moment ( oder hour);
    Held der Arbeit HIST, ehemalige DDR: hero of labo(u)r;
    er ist kein Held in Mathematik umg, hum he’s not the greatest mathematician in the world;
    den Helden spielen THEAT play the hero; iron be a hero;
    das ist vielleicht ein Held! iron some hero he is;
    na, ihr (
    zwei etc)
    Helden? umg, hum zu Kindern: now then you two etc?
    * * *
    der; Helden, Helden hero

    du bist mir ein schöner Held — (scherzh.) a fine one you are!

    * * *
    -en m.
    hero n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Held

  • 10 Stephenson, George

    [br]
    b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England
    d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England
    [br]
    English engineer, "the father of railways".
    [br]
    George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.
    In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.
    In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.
    It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.
    During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.
    In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.
    On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.
    At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.
    In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.
    The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.
    Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.
    Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.
    Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.
    He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.
    Bibliography
    1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).
    1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).
    S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George

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